OFC 2018 Theme: 400 Gbps - 650 Group

650 Group publishes 1Q'22 Telecom Core Market and Long-Term Forecast Results

5/25/2022

In 1Q22, revenues of the Telecom Core market were 4% greater than the year-ago quarter, according to our recently updated report. The market has been inconsistent in performance over the past four quarters, oscillating between Y/Y growth and Y/Y declines. The report also includes an updated long-term forecast. For the outer years of our forecast, we are maintaining our long-term forecast since the previous report.

Highlights:
Amdocs experienced the strongest Y/Y revenue performance, while Ingate experienced the strongest sequential (Q/Q) revenue performance.

The top 5 vendors in the quarter (ranked by revenue size in the report) were the following:
1. Huawei - grew Y/Y
2. Nokia - grew Y/Y
3. Amdocs - grew Y/Y
4. ZTE - declined Y/Y
5. Ericsson - declined Y/Y

Regional revenue performance in the quarter for the largest four regions was as follows:
North America - grew Y/Y
Europe - grew Y/Y
Greater China - declined Y/Y
Asia Pacific (excluding China) - grew Y/Y

650 Group's Telecom Core report breaks out over fifteen vendors and includes detailed segmentation, forecasting, and market shares. Please contact us for press inquiries and further report information. In 650 Group's top vendor performance, we only include vendors broken out directly in the report. Other vendor's in our rest-of-market category are not included in the top performing list.

650 Group is a leading Market Intelligence Research firm for communications, data center, cloud, enterprise, and SP markets. Our team has decades of research experience, has worked in the technology industry, and is active throughout the supply chain throughout the world. Learn more at http://www.650group.com

MWC 2022 Recap

3/7/2022

Hyperscalers, Open RAN, Private 5G and chip announcements were top news at the MWC show in Barcelona last week. Based on disclosures at the show, Open RAN looks to go commercial in 2023 and 2024, hyperscalers are obtaining contracts to carry an increasing amount of telecom-related workloads, Rakuten Symphony is amassing a growing list of partners, Qualcomm/Marvell and other chip companies are taking front-stage at MWC, and there were a variety of new private 5G-related announcements including those from Cisco, Huawei, Mavenir and Federated Wireless.  We took some time to compile some of the most noteworthy announcements, sorted by company.

DISH chairman says 5G deployment is 6 months behind schedule. DISH says it fell behind on a technical level and that it realized it has to become the systems integrator. Expects to light up 25 metro regions in June, representing 20% population coverage.

Huawei is pivoting towards fiber in certain markets like the home market. It announced, for instance, Fiber to the Room (FTTR) and contrasted it to Wi-Fi which it claims has a variable experience.  Huawei's wireless Chief, Ryan Ding, keynote speech noted several points. By the end of 2021, Huawei signed more than 3,000 commercial 5GtoB contracts with Chinese operators and partners for industry applications (implies operators involved in all), including coal mining using remotely controlled shearers communicating over 5G.

Mavenir showcased End-to-End 5G Core, IMS and automation hosted on AWS. The company calls this a "pilot" and asserted that using a core on AWS system would reduce TCO and speed up rollouts.  Mavenir also announced 5G Radio Units from 8T8R to 64T64R (Massive MIMO) that use Qualcomm chips and that it plans to develop vDU RAN software based on the Qualcomm X100 5G RAN Accelerator Card, both systems of which are expected to be available for global deployment in 2023.

Telefonica advocated for OpenRAN and explained its selection of technology suppliers such as radio/RRU/AAU (NEC, Comba, Airspan), Baseband (Altiostar/Rakuten Symphony), Small Cell (Node-H, Askey, Qualcomm), RIC (Nokia), as well as Intel, Mavenir, Parallel Wireless, IBM/Red Hat and VMWare. It says it selected NEC as the systems integrator. The pan-European operator said that Open RAN reduced vendor lock-in and is most cost-efficient over the medium/long term, however suffers from integration with OSS and the time to carry out interoperability tests until Open RAN is mature. It expects Pilots to continue during 2022, then initial deployments in 2022/2023, followed by "massive deployments" beyond 2023 (we think this means 2024).

Rakuten Symphony announced it had acquired San Jose, CA based Robin.io, an automation and orchestration software company.  Rakuten Symphony also announced an Open RAN trial at MTN that includes Accenture and Tech Mahindra. Symphony also said AT&T will use Rakuten's Site Manager, a software system that designs workflows for network deployments; additionally, AT&T's proprietary capacity planning tool. Cisco and Rakuten announced a partnership described as a joint go-to-market model.  Nokia is Rakuten's first "Symworld" partner, whereby Nokia's core software will be made available to Symphony customers.

Qualcomm. Made announcements about private 5G automation, a partnership with Microsoft about Private 5G, Mavenir portfolio expansion (also discussed elsewhere in this article), Fujitsu mmWave, and 5G FWA.

Orange announced plans to use Ericsson 5G SA core for Belgium, Spain, Luxembourg and Poland, Nokia 5G SA core for France and Slovakia and Oracle for 5G core signaling in all countries. It plans to launch SA commercially in 2023.

Microsoft Azure announced Operator Distributed Services, which is a combination of its 2021 acquisition of AT&T Network Cloud Services and Azure for Operators tools. The company explains that it will enable operators to run all their workloads, including RAN, core, mobile and voice core, OSS and BSS, on a single carrier-grade hybrid platform.  Microsoft also announced that AT&T is integrating its 5G network with Microsoft Azure Private Multi-access Edge (MEC) computing to develop AT&T Private 5G Edge.  Telstra collaborates with Ericsson and Microsoft to begin 5G-enabled edge compute trials.

Cisco announced ORAN partnerships with private 5G vendors like Airspan and JMA Wireless and said it is in customer trials with both vendors. As it had said a month earlier with its private 5G launch, this is being offered as a subscription service operated by Cisco, and Cisco will allow customers to use their own brand to market the service. Cisco announced it is on a variety of Private 5G projects including at Chaplin, Clair Global, Colt Technology Services, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Maderia Island, Network Rail, Nutrien, Schaeffler, Group, Texas A&M, Toshiba, Virgin Media O2, and Zebra Technologies.

ZTE announced lighter Massive MIMO radios, its UniSite NEO and a new "Gen 2" FWA CPE based on Qualcomm Snapdragon X65 and X62 5G Modem-RF platforms.

Marvell announced 5G-related product line enhancements, including a reference design with DELL technologies that creates a server based baseband processing system.

Nokia Highlights its RAN, Cloud and Broadband Progress

11/19/2021

Nokia’s Global Analyst Forum this week highlighted two main trends. First, the company says it has caught up to rivals in its 5G radio development. Furthermore, the company expects its wireless systems to become increasingly technologically differentiated from competitors. Second, the company emphasizes its message that it is the “green partner of choice.” We read that the company is making more power-efficient communications equipment. Apart from its significant themes meant for headlines, the company also highlighted that: (a) it’s experiencing strong private wireless growth, (b) its RAN systems are in the pilot phase with hyperscalers like AWS, GCP, and Azure, (c) it is embracing Open RAN faster than other established competitors, (d) it expects the Remote Radio Unit (RRU) to take an increasing fraction of total RAN spending, (e) it sees the RIC as a market expansion, (f) it expects to differentiate in radio in 2022 with its growing Carrier Aggregation capabilities.

Nokia, which has significant revenue exposure to Mobile RAN, is in an interesting phase of its corporate development. With having brought on new CEO, Pekka Lundmark, recently, it abandoned its end-to-end product portfolio strategy. Yet, in recent times, the company’s non-radio portfolio has outperformed radio access network growth trends, which reinforces the idea that its broad portfolio serves it well. One of the company’s primary messages from the conference was that its RAN portfolio has caught up to competitors and that next year it will deliver significant improvements, including Carrier Aggregation and a broader portfolio of Massive MIMO systems. The company also said that it is working with a broad set of infrastructure providers and infrastructure software companies that will be able to support its RAN and core portfolio; examples include Anthos, Kubernetes, VMWare Tanzu, AmazonEKS, OpenShift, among others, operating on AWS, Azure, Google Cloud or on premises-based infrastructure. Nokia is investing in broadening out the appeal of its RAN and core systems both by embracing these various non-Nokia systems, as well as supporting Open RAN. The company says it expects an increasing amount of value to accrue to the RRU and away from baseband, which we see as consistent with its support of so many different infrastructure systems that would run baseband. The company sees revenue upside in the RIC market, part of the Open RAN architecture. The company’s support of Open RAN will lead to the commercialization of Open RAN systems in about two years, according to Nokia.

Furthermore, the company’s telecom core business is experiencing an acceleration in business trends. Like the RAN architecture support for various cloud systems, Nokia is even further along in offering support for its core systems like 5G Core. Management made two comments during its discussions that did an excellent job of explaining how far along the core market is in moving towards a hyperscaler-based infrastructure. First, Nokia said that “50% of RFQs include an option to run on top of the Hyperscaler.” Second, Nokia explained that of 82 of the engagements, 20 have serious public cloud investigations and dialog going.

We are also encouraged by the company’s leadership in Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) and 25G PON. In 5G FWA, the company has some significant antenna and software algorithm capabilities, and we expect new, cutting-edge products in 2022. In 3GPP 5G FWA, the company holds a significant revenue market share lead as of 3Q21, illustrating its robust capabilities. The company made a bet on 25G PON and was a significant contributor to an MSA Group called 25GS-PON. Additionally, Nokia developed its own semiconductors, called Quillion, to support 25G PON (backwards compatible to lower 10G and 1G speeds).

Mavenir Hightlights is RAN Progress at its Analyst Meeting

11/10/2021

Mavenir held its annual analyst event this week and highlighted some important information highlighting its progress in transitioning to a maturing ecosystem player in the telecom equipment industry. The company highlighted its recent Koch Brothers $500M investment; existing investors include Intel/Nvidia and Siris Capital, who remain majority equity holders. The company highlighted that it grew revenues and bookings in the mid 20’s percent year-over-year in its Fiscal 2020, an impressive figure. Two main themes came from the show. First, the company’s RAN portfolio is picking up steam. Second, the company’s portfolio now spans very wide, from telecom core to RAN.

The RAN portfolio has made significant progress. The company claims over 20 deployments in 14 countries. And, Mavenir has demonstrated the capability to deploy on AWS, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud, Google Cloud, and VMWare. The company spent a great deal of time reviewing definitions of various Open RAN terminology, to address confusion, spanning from vRAN, O-RAN, C-RAN, Cloud-RAN, and Open vRAN. We’ve seen many public statements from Mavenir, its competitors, operators and pundits, alike, espousing the various benefits of some or all of these systems. We think the point Mavenir was making at its conference is that Open vRAN is the most open, interoperable system. When operators enable open systems, of course, it allows Mavenir and other vendors to bid on deals for networks that have existing equipment from traditional vendors like Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei, and ZTE. We see Mavenir’s efforts to work with various infrastructure companies and systems like AWS and VMWare as a means of gaining a foothold with operators who are trialing or in the early stages of deploying these various infrastructure systems. Speaking of partners, the company claims it has relationships with nearly 15 Remote Radio Unit (RRU) players. The company says it can deliver Massive MIMO capabilities to customers, which means that its RAN systems can satisfy what would be considered mainstream 5G use-cases; this represents very significant progress over last year’s RAN capabilities.

Mavenir’s portfolio is extensive. The company made separate presentations about the following topics: RAN, OSS, Radio, Packet Core, Mobile Core, BSS/Digital Enablement, Security, Private Networks, and Enterprise over three days. With over 5,000 employees spanning the globe, exposure to the most relevant parts of the mobile infrastructure industry, Mavenir is a serious contender for deals. The company also highlighted that its telecom core technology uses modern programming techniques that enable it to operate on cloud infrastructure; among these are fully containerized micro-services design. The company shared that most microservices file sizes are under 25 Mbytes, evidence that the systems are designed as microservices (and can load fast).

The fact that in April 2021, well-known Koch Bros made a $500M “strategic minority” equity investment in the company is an important validation of Mavenir’s place in the telecommunications industry. We see the investment as a reinforcement of the company’s balance sheet and an opening to new customers.

The 800 Gbps Routing Port and 112 Gbps SERDES Technology Generation is Here

9/28/2021

Nokia Unleashed Next-Gen Routing with FP5 ASIC

On September 21st, Nokia launched the company's fifth-generation IP routing silicon (FP5). Along with support for 800 Gbps routing ports, the company also announced new Fixed form factors, which are becoming popular as Routing supports new uses cases around supporting more distributed IP edge routing architectures. Along with the increase in performance came a significant power reduction in the cost per bit of bandwidth and an increased set of security features. The company also announced ANYsec to extend MACsec encryption capabilities, which are becoming increasingly important to customers and SPs as more mission-critical traffic flows on networks.

Since the launch of Nokia's previous generation ASIC (FP4), Nokia grew its market share position in SP Routing via a combination of custom Silicon innovation and merchant silicon to address more use cases. The company also expanded further into enterprise and Cloud use cases. 800 Gbps and the 112 Gbps SERDES technology will begin shipping in 2022, and we view the technology as an essential enabler to how networks need to evolve in Telco SPs and the Cloud.
We expect that by 2025 over half the revenue and nearly three-fourths of the bandwidth in Routing will come from 400 Gbps and 800 Gbps products with operators using a mix of traditional Modular systems and smaller Fixed form factors.

The Party-Crashers of MWC21

6/30/2021

This week's MWC Barcelona 2021 had several themes; the most important was that several outsiders to the telecom industry were ever-present. The new entrants – the party-crashers - included Starlink, Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, Google Compute, and NVidia. These new players are forcing change either through economics, new technology, or new regulatory frameworks, or combinations thereof. We’ll touch on the importance of these crashers and then circle back to a few other ongoing themes that continue to remain relevant in this article.

Satellite broadband, while not exactly a mobile technology, will catalyze significant changes to the mobile industry. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite services, evangelized today by SpaceX-owned Starlink, announced plans to spend as much as $30B in building out its constellation over its lifespan. Yet, it will reach users across the globe. Elon Musk said Starlink is in beta in 12 countries, and it plans to have ½-million users in the next 12 months. The billionaire highlighted that Starlink’s ability to reach rural populations is unlike that of terrestrial players. We think the rural reach of LEO broadband is precisely why Starlink will be so important. Musk’s pitch to the mobile industry was that of a partnership – he said that Starlink is partnering with 5G MNOs to offer satellite backhaul and rural broadband services. We view satellite broadband, and later 3GPP satellite, as critical components in the telecommunications industry, and therefore we chose to write about satellite first in this article.

All three hyperscalers, Azure, AWS, and GCP, made a splash at MWC21. As a group, these infrastructure providers have already changed the way telcos operate. In fact, the hyperscalers’ architectures were the inspiration behind the decade-old telco push for Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). But, these days, hyperscalers’ operations are more than an inspiration to the telcos. MNOs are now moving some of their workloads to hyperscaler infrastructures. The evolution of these workload migrations to hyperscalers is moving in three phases, phase 1, the back-office, then phase 2, telecom core, and last, phase 3, the access layer. In the weeks leading up to MWC21, we’ve seen progress on all three workload migrations, including that on Mobile RAN. Incoming AWS CEO Adam Selipsky said at MWC that AWS is talking to “virtually every telecom operator.”

Some examples of announcements made surrounding the MWC show include:

Phase 1: AWS / Verizon various relationships, AWS / Netcracker (NEC) relationship
Phase 2: AT&T is moving 5G/4G core to Azure (inside of AT&T facilities)
Phase 3: GCP / Ericsson relationship

With Open RAN capabilities come the possibility that MNOs can source various RAN components from multiple vendors. Rakuten has already technically demonstrated multi-vendor sourcing (Altiostar baseband and Nokia and NEC radios). In addition to system-level multi-vendor interoperability, in previous years, multiple semiconductor companies had been bolstering their RAN offerings (Marvell, Qualcomm, EdgeQ). Marvell had previously crashed MWC (MWC19 and MWC20) and is now a RAN supplier to Samsung and Nokia. For MWC21, we saw yet another entrant to the RAN chip market, NVidia. NVidia has received pubic endorsements from Ericsson, Fujitsu, Mavenir, and Radisys. NVidia’s current chip offering is called “AI-on-5G,” and the company’s offering starts in 2021 as an “on a server.” NVidia’s next offering is expected in the 2022-2023 era and will be an “on a card” offering. Then, after 2024, NVidia will offer its “on a chip” offering.

Nokia Fixed Networks Group Counting on 25G PON

10/8/2020

Nokia reiterated its commitment to 25G PON in its two-day briefing with industry researchers this week. It also shared some interesting commentary about is progress with Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) and its consumer Wi-Fi devices. But, what makes Nokia’s 25G announcement so interesting is that there is significant controversy associated with the 25G standardization process; 50G PON is also in the race for standardization, too. It seems that the world will split into two purchasing groups: Chinese and Western. We think the fact that two purchasing groups will emerge is a material negative for the telecommunications industry and is a sign of things to come. Nokia has decided to chart its own path, find partners, and make the best of this controversy. Our view is that Nokia’s 25G PON offerings will see more demand than 50G PON in the upcoming years, and when 50G finally becomes necessary, Nokia can move to support it.

For background, in May 2020, Huawei announced to analysts that it is backing a 50G standards process, in cooperation with the ETSI. Huawei calls its 50G development “F5G,” which stands for Fixed 5G. It demonstrated over a video presentation an FPGA-based prototype, and it and explained that it expects this technology to be adopted first by the mobile infrastructure market for connecting RAN radio systems to baseband systems and for backhaul. Then Huawei expects the market will develop for residential PON, and later for enterprise campus connectivity (to replace Ethernet switches). Huawei explained that in February 2020, it has the support of Chinese operators, ETSI members in Switzerland, a European operator, Altice Portugal, and Chinese operators.

On the other hand, Nokia had developed a chipset that specifically supports both GPON and next generation PON technologies; it is called Quillion and has been available for nine months. Nokia had consistently explained on several occasions in the past several months that during a February 2020 ITU meeting relating to 25G PON, 18 members of the ITU were in favor of initiating the 25G standardization project (including ATT, BT, Korea Telecom, nbn Co, Telecom Italy, SK Telecom, Telus etc). However, there was a minority coalition led by operators and vendors from China that objected to the proposal on the grounds that 25G PON would pre-empt their futuristic vision of 50G PON. This in turn resulted in no consensus being met.

In response, Nokia has worked with operators and suppliers interested in pursuing 25G PON in the near-term, which we interpret as the next 1-2 years. This MSA (multi-source agreement) strategy is used by various groups in the technology industry when there is sufficient buying power to move ahead of (or in this case, without) standards ratification; we see if used frequently by hyperscalers when building their bleeding-edge data center infrastructures. We understand that there are a handful of operators, including Chorus (New Zealand), Chungwa Telecom (Taiwan), and NBN (Australia) and several technology suppliers including AOI, MACOM, MaxLinear, Ciena, Tibit and others. The MSA has a website with more information.

Nokia explains that 25G PON shares the same optical technologies as those used in Ethernet Switches that are common and used by data centers and campus switching environments. Sharing common optical technologies with high volume data center deployments will reduce costs . Our view is that in a few years, data center switching demand for 25G optics will continue to rise, and this is perfect timing for Nokia and others who are going to use 25G for PON because the supply will be there and this technology will be mature and lower cost.

There’s one other thing to consider that pits Nokia against others. It decided to develop its own semiconductors to power its infrastructure PON systems (OLTs). Nokia’s chip system is called Quillion, and its introduction means it won’t be dependent upon OLT chip vendors.

What’s even more interesting about this whole debate is just how future-looking it is. PON has moved through two main generations, GPON (2.5 Gbps), 10 GPON (XGS and XGPON), and now we are talking about two different generations, 25G and 50G. Huawei’s 50G “F5G” approach is a “if you can’t join ‘em, beat em” strategy, where Huawei will leverage its home market telecom operators’ volume and a few others to work outside its home territory. Huawei will leverage this technology to three markets over time: 5G backhaul, residential PON and enterprise networking. On the other hand, Nokia is taking matters into its own hands in that it has developed its own chips. What’s happening now is not uncharted waters, but it is rare for the telecommunications industry to splinter into multiple buying groups – usually standards are developed and followed for the benefit of the industry. This time, in the absence of standards, Nokia has forged on ahead on its own and its headstrong ways are likely to benefit it because many Western operators and now actively seeking to diversify away from Huawei in their procurement of fixed network equipment.

Ericsson's Cradlepoint Acquisition Poses Opportunities and Risks

9/25/2020

Ericsson has served the mobile service provider industry well over the years. Most devices connected to its customers’ networks are mobile phones; this, however, is changing. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are entering the fray and provide an avenue for growth, as is the enterprise market. Additionally, Ericsson’s channels have mostly been to operators, at a time when enterprise growth is expected to provide additional cellular industry growth. Ericsson’s portfolio, until the Cradlepoint acquisition, was not particularly well-positioned to benefit from IoT and enterprise growth vectors.

IoT devices come in all shapes and sizes, and they use a number of different connectivity methods, from cellular to Wi-Fi to Bluetooth to LoRa and many others. In 2020, we expect only 16% of IoT and wirelessly connected devices will connect to cellular systems; the rest connect to more popular (and mostly free) connectivity types. We see cellular connections growing in the future, but as a percentage of all IoT and wirelessly connected devices, we expect it will drop to 13% of all such devices five years from now. The reduction in the fraction of IoT and wireless devices connected to cellular is why the “cellular to other” gateway market (Cradlepoint’s main market) makes sense. There are some use cases where cellular backhaul connections to connect Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee and others are vital.

With US-based CBRS and European nations’ private enterprise spectrum opening up the opportunity that enterprises will build their own networks – without needing a mobile operator’s help with sub-leasing licensed spectrum – the folks at Ericsson had a choice to make. The choice was to continue selling to and through mobile operators and hope that mobile operators keep their share of enterprise and IoT growth, or to acquire products and distribution channels to access enterprise growth.

Ericsson’s competitors were partnering with Cradlepoint with some success. Recently, Nokia’s enterprise revenues hit about 10% of revenues, in part because it was selling LTE gear to customers in verticals such as utilities, mining & exploration, and logistics & shipping. Many of these customers were using devices such as Cradlepoint’s. Ericsson is now invited to these ongoing dialogues as these networks expand and change.

We would be remiss if we didn’t mention 5G in relation to Cradlepoint. Some enterprises seek a secondary wireless connection to supplement their primary wired broadband connection. Gear such as Cradlepoint routers can serve this need well. In this sense, we can see why Ericsson uses messages such as “Ericsson accelerates 5G for Enterprise with the Cradlepoint acquisition.”

This acquisition is not without controversy, in our view. The Swedes are acquiring a company located in Boise, Idaho, and as such, managing from afar may present challenges. Cradlepoint sells its devices differently (mainly through channels) from how Ericsson sells its gear (mainly direct); these two distribution methods may conflict. Ericsson sold its cell phone business many years ago because it conflicted with its mobile infrastructure business. Similarly, Cradlepoint gear is focused mainly on enterprises, we see a similar conflict because Cradlepoint’s customer base liked its independence from cellular gear-makers. If Ericsson can manage through these challenges, it may enjoy exposure to IoT, enterprise and 5G gateway growth opportunities.

And then there were 10 (RAN VEndors)

7/30/2020

Before the consolidation in the Mobile Radio Access Network (MRAN) market that occurred in the past decade during Huawei’s ascendancy, there were a dozen major RAN vendors. They included Motorola, Lucent, Alcatel, Siemens, Nokia, Ericsson, NEC, Fujitsu, Samsung, Nortel, Huawei and ZTE, and they hailed from the US, France, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Japan, Korea, Canada and China.

As Huawei entered the market, using a price aggressor strategy, it catalyzed mergers, resulting in the elimination of Motorola, Lucent, Alcatel, Siemens, Nortel, plus a reinforcement that led to the Japanese and Korean players to sell primarily to their home markets. The result is that in many markets during recent years, there were only two vendors left, and that left operators with little choice but to look elsewhere.

The punchline is that going forward, due in part to Open RAN, and in part to the response of operators looking outside their traditional supplier base, we now have 10 RAN players who can bid on projects. And there is a multiplier on top of the 10 players, because going forward, operators can buy radio heads from different vendors than their primary RAN baseband vendor, essentially doubling the number of choices an operator has when making mobile RAN vendor decisions.

Here is how we arrive at the conclusion that there were only two players per major geography. Just a couple years ago, the state of affairs was quite different; we had only Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei and ZTE as players, and last year, it became clear that in the US, only two major players were left. In China, the same could be said, with Huawei and ZTE as main suppliers (Ericsson has won business there and Nokia ceded the market in 2019). And in 2020, we’ve seen much of Europe and English-speaking Asia whittle down to two suppliers, as well.

And here is how the procurement teams at operators have much choice in the future. The “Open RAN” vendors are now deemed viable given the success at Rakuten and the push by operators to demand Open RAN compliance, and these include Altiostar, Mavenir and Parallel Wireless. Nokia and Ericsson are invited to most, if not all bids worldwide.

Huawei and ZTE are invited to many, but a declining number of bids in markets that are siding with the US viewpoint. We saw a turning point in late 2018 when AT&T announced it will buy from Samsung, who has now gotten a strong foothold in both India and the US. And, more recently, we have seen two Japanese players, NEC and Fujitsu, in some way filling in the void left by Huawei and ZTE’s woes in the US/China spat, as they get wins (Fujitsu recently won DISH) and get invited to bid (NEC and Fujitsu are being asked to bid on UK projects). Add these up and we have Altiostar, Mavenir, Parallel Wireless, Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ZTE, Samsung, NEC, Fujitsu.

There are other factors at work that are adding to more RAN choices, as well. Two such trends are Facebook’s efforts, ONF’s efforts and the variety of radio head vendors who are now viable with Open RAN/FB/ONF efforts. Facebook has promoted projects such as Telecom Infra Project (TIP) that have many goals, including one that supports the goal of $1,000 radio heads (these cost much more from the major vendors).

The Open Network Foundation (ONF) supports projects such as SD-RAN and Aether.
Radios can be purchased from non-traditional sources, as well because with all three projects we have mentioned above (TIP, ONF SD-RAN and Open RAN), these allow radio purchases to be made separately from baseband purchases, literally doubling the choices that operators have when building out a roster of vendors.

The trends in mobile RAN have changed significantly. Vendors with little to lose (startups and players entering new markets) are getting aggressive to grow their businesses. Incumbent vendors are at risk, as their business practice of selling baseband and radio simultaneously to captive operators is coming to an end. We may look back at this early 5G era and say there was a lot more to it than just the upgrade to 5G, and it begs the question, who will acquire whom to consolidate the market once again and get pricing under control.

Aruba Air Pass Enables 5G Mobile Operators To Extend Coverage to Enterprises by Using Wi-Fi

3/10/2020

Today, HPE Aruba announced its Aruba Air Pass cloud service that allows for a hand-off between cellular and Wi-Fi networks. The service is enabled by Passpoint, which is a standard created by the Wi-Fi Alliance. The idea is that a mobile operator customer can go into a building with Wi-Fi coverage and, without having to "log on" to the Wi-Fi, the user's phone will automatically connect. Using Air Pass means that mobile operators won't need to build a cellular infrastructure in these buildings for customers to continue with their phone calls.

For mobile customers to see the benefit of seamless roaming from the Air Pass service, mobile operators will need to engage in a relationship with the property owners of the building. While this seems like a lot of work, connecting to Air Pass will be far easier than it would be for a property owner to install a cellular network inside the building. Examples of in-building cellular that can operate either on licensed, shared or unlicensed spectrum is a Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) system or licensed small cells. Building owners or operators have to build new, in-building cellular if they want cellular coverage. Managed Service Providers, such as Federated Wireless, have begun selling a service to property owners where they will manage the cellular infrastructure for the owner.

Aruba has some competition for its service to allow Wi-Fi sharing to mobile operator customers. In February 2020, Cisco announced its Unified Domain Center as a means of sharing Wi-Fi coverage with mobile operators, as well, and claimed that it is at the proof of concept stage with operators. Also, Swedish software and services company, Aptilo, has created systems that allow SIM-based device users to roam onto Wi-Fi, as well. We applaud the efforts of Aruba, Cisco, Aptilo and many others who have built systems to allow device users to roam between cellular and Wi-Fi networks.

There has been a lot of excitement by mobile operators and cellular equipment suppliers about the 5G opportunity to expand to enterprises. In November 2019, for instance, Nokia discussed how enterprises are adopting its Private LTE systems to allow cellular coverage at customers such as utilities and shipping ports. We have been cautious on the idea that mobile operators will get lots of new revenue from providing cellular coverage to the enterprise; a year ago, we laid out our thoughts on the 5G Enterprise hype at the MWC19 show.

The implications of the emergence of services like Air Pass and the capabilities of Unified Domain Center is that Enterprise Wi-Fi coverage will be leveraged in the 5G era far more than all the hype about "5G" wiping out the need for Wi-Fi. However, we also feel that cellular systems will see growing popularity in certain enterprise verticals, as was evident at the MWC-Americas 2019 show.